{"id":7498,"date":"2026-06-02T12:58:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T10:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dlapiper.com\/advocatus\/?p=7498"},"modified":"2026-06-05T17:32:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T15:32:58","slug":"dual-use-infrastructure-investment-implementation-models-in-europe-lessons-for-hungary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dlapiper.com\/advocatus\/2026\/06\/dual-use-infrastructure-investment-implementation-models-in-europe-lessons-for-hungary\/","title":{"rendered":"Dual-use infrastructure investment implementation models in Europe: Lessons for Hungary"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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In our previous analysis<\/a>, we reviewed NATO\u2019s GDP-proportional 1.5% defence infrastructure target and its potential implications for infrastructure development in Hungary. This article shifts focus from the level of possible commitments to their substantive implementation: it examines how NATO allies within the EU have implemented dual-use (civil and military) infrastructure developments in practice, and what realistically transferable solutions Hungary can draw knowledge and practical experience from.<\/strong><\/p>

The examples below rely exclusively on publicly available EU project data, examining primarily transport infrastructure developments carried out with EU funding.[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>

Implementation Models of NATO Allied EU Member States<\/strong><\/p>

In recent years, several EU Member States have implemented infrastructure investments intended for civilian use, specifically designed on a “dual-use” basis, meaning they must simultaneously meet civilian transport needs and military mobility requirements. In practice, several implementation models emerge that are also adaptable from Hungary\u2019s perspective.<\/p>

1. Reinforced Transport Corridors (Roads, Bridges, Overpasses)<\/strong><\/p>

Across Europe, the reinforcement of transport corridors is typically achieved through the targeted elimination of structural bottlenecks \u2013 above all by strengthening bridges and viaducts \u2013 in order to ensure that key TEN-T axes are suitable for both high-volume civilian freight transport and the movement of heavy military convoys.[2]<\/a><\/p>

These developments typically aim to increase the load-bearing capacity of bridges and viaducts along key TEN-T axes. Bridge and viaduct reinforcement programmes are underway in Poland (A2 motorway), Italy (A2 Friddizza viaduct, A7 Binasco viaduct), Slovenia (A1 motorway, SIRIUS programme), Finland (Route 29 bridge at Tornio), Sweden (E22 Helge bridge) and Romania (Prut River Ungheni bridge). The dual-use development of entire transport corridors is also a proven model: Lithuania treats the Via Baltica A5 corridor as a military deployment route as well, Belgium is converting the N49 into the E34 motorway, the Czech Republic is planning the D35, and Slovakia is designing the Via Carpatia route for dual use. Poland enforces military load requirements in urban settings and on new expressways as well, while in Finland, emergency airfield functions have been integrated into the civilian transport development infrastructure project elements at the Kelttu junction.<\/p>

2. Strategic Hubs (Railway Nodes, Terminals, Airports, Border Crossings)<\/strong><\/p>

In addition to transport corridors, numerous dual-use investments target transport hubs where relatively well-calibrated parameters and preconditions \u2013 such as train length, rolling stock profile, or air traffic capacity \u2013 determine whether military operations can be conducted despite otherwise technically modern infrastructure.<\/p>

A recurring element of railway developments is, for example, the systematic adaptation of networks to accommodate 740\u2013750-metre-long train compositions. Germany achieves this along the North Sea\u2013Baltic axis through the modification of bridges, passing loops and marshalling yard elements; Belgium and the Netherlands have strengthened staging capacity near North Sea crossing points; and Italy has increased track lengths at several trainstations to establish the conditions for dual use. In the development of loading and intermodal capabilities, the projects of Lithuania (Kaunas Palemonas loading facility), Latvia (Rail Baltica, Salaspils terminal), Finland (Oritkari junction) and Estonia (EstMilMob package) are particularly noteworthy.<\/p>

Airport investments consistently focus on airside infrastructure \u2013 aprons, taxiways, fuel supply systems \u2013 rather than on passenger terminal development. Such developments are underway in Poland (Rzesz\u00f3w-Jasionka, Wroc\u0142aw, Katowice), Lithuania (Kaunas), Estonia (Tallinn) and Croatia (Franjo Tu\u0111man Airport). Railway border crossing developments have also become a significant dual-use project category in their own right: at the Hungarian-Slovak-Ukrainian junctions (Z\u00e1hony, \u010cierna nad Tisou, Eperjeske) and at the Romanian-Ukrainian and Polish-Ukrainian crossings, developments are aimed at increasing capacity, reducing clearance times and supporting both civilian and military logistics.<\/p>

3. Resilience and Innovation<\/strong><\/p>

Numerous projects strengthen resilience through system-level developments and alternative transport modes. In Portugal, for example, WAM-based airspace surveillance modernisation simultaneously improves civilian aviation safety and military air traffic control; Denmark has eliminated constraints on the movement of oversized military equipment through railway capacity expansions in the vicinity of Copenhagen Airport; France is making a reserve inland waterway logistics route available through the modernisation of the Moselle Canal; and Spain is supporting the development of capabilities for extraordinary transport tasks through the coordination of railway and motorway sections.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Application of International Practices in Hungary<\/strong><\/p>

European “best practice” in dual-use infrastructure development clearly demonstrates that effective tactical logistics and mobility does not necessarily depend on large-scale, exclusively defence-oriented investments, but rather consists of a set of modularly designed, technically precisely specified infrastructure developments that are implemented as an integral part of everyday transport infrastructure planning and operation.<\/strong><\/p>

This approach already has implemented forms in Hungary: these include the adaptation of TEN-T railway stations in Western Hungary, the construction of the Zalaszentiv\u00e1n-West triangular track junction, and border crossing developments linked to the railway Solidarity Lanes. The policy conclusion is clear: if the logic and approach of transport corridors \u2013 at the level of bridges, stations, marshalling yards and airport facilities \u2013 is consistently applied, it represents a reliable path towards the lasting fulfilment of NATO targets. The dual-use infrastructure models examined so far and transferable to Hungarian practice include \u2013 without claiming exhaustiveness \u2013 targeted developments of the bridge network to ensure the load-bearing capacity of transport corridors; the modernisation of the railway network, where increasing train composition length capacity and operational safety typically has a greater impact on military mobility than speed improvements alone; the expansion of existing logistics capacity at border crossings, which is a fundamental precondition for rapid military redeployment; and last but not least, the development of airside infrastructure \u2013 aprons, taxiways, fuel supply systems.<\/p>

Based on the examples presented, it can be concluded that dual-use infrastructure has been, and continues to be, developed through consistently planned and technically well-specified investments integrated into transport systems intended for civilian use. Hungary does not need to devise a new model, as one is already available: by appropriately adapting solutions already proven in NATO-allied EU Member States \u2013 focusing on strategically significant and high-impact transport corridors, aligning technical specifications and requirements from the earliest stages of planning, and embedding tactical and defence considerations into the investment planning process \u2013 NATO allied commitments can be translated into lasting dual-use infrastructure that simultaneously strengthens the Member State\u2019s national defence and resilience, supports economic growth, and fits in all respects within the frameworks of both the European Union and NATO.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Authors: P\u00e9ter Gy\u00f6rfi-T\u00f3th, Viktor Romsics, Bal\u00e1zs Hajt\u00f3<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPartner,

Head of Projects and Restructuring, ESG Practice Leader\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP\u00e9ter Gy\u00f6rfi-T\u00f3th\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP\u00e9ter Gy\u00f6rfi-T\u00f3th is a Partner at DLA Piper Hungary and heads the Projects and Restructuring group both in Hungary and across CEE. P\u00e9ter is also the Head of the ESG team in Budapest. With significant experience, P\u00e9ter advises clients in major local and cross-border transactions in the fields of infrastructure development, banking law, projects and finance, state regulatory legal issues, financial law, real estate development, insolvency and bankruptcy, restructuring, litigation and arbitration. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSend an e-mail\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Infrastructure, \nConstruction and Transport sector \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tViktor Romsics is the head of DLA Piper Hungary\u2019s Infrastructure, Construction and Transport sector. As a counsel in Projects and Restructuring group, he advises clients mainly in large scale infrastructure projects, including motorways, nuclear power plant and design and construction and other projects related to waste management, energy production and transmission.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSend an e-mail\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Projects and Restructuring\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter joining DLA Piper Hungary, Bal\u00e1zs Hajt\u00f3 has been working on infrastructure, construction, and transportation development projects. \nDuring his time at an international law firm, he supported complex matters, including EU funding programs, M&A transactions, and tax disputes. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSend an e-mail\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHow can we help? Get in touch.<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFollow us on LinkedIn<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDLA Piper Hungary\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Part 1 of our series<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tDual-use infrastructure investment implementation models in Europe: Lessons for Hungary\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDLA Piper\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2026-06-02\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This article shifts focus from the level of possible commitments to their substantive implementation: it examines how NATO allies within the EU have implemented dual-use infrastructure developments in practice, and what realistically transferable solutions Hungary can draw knowledge and practical experience from.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t5% for Defence, 1.5% for Infrastructure: Hungary’s opportunities in light of NATO’s new goals\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
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In accordance with the new government\u2019s program, Hungary is committed to fulfilling NATO\u2019s 5% spending requirement by 2035. <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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[1]<\/strong> This article is based on an independent review of publicly available project information on dual-use transport investments in the European Commission\u2019s CINEA public database. The summary is systematic but not exhaustive; further relevant initiatives may exist beyond the scope of the examples covered. (https:\/\/cinea.ec.europa.eu\/news-events\/news\/cinea-launches-new-public-dashboard-covering-all-its-projects-and-programmes-2023-01-30_en)<\/p>

[2]<\/strong> The TEN-T (Trans-European Transport Network)<\/strong> is a strategically significant transport infrastructure network defined by Regulation (EU) 2024\/1679 of the European Parliament and of the Council, serving to ensure efficient, interoperable and sustainable passenger and freight transport between Member States.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article shifts focus from the level of possible commitments to their substantive implementation: it examines how NATO allies within the EU have implemented dual-use infrastructure developments in practice, and what realistically transferable solutions Hungary can draw knowledge and practical experience 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