{"id":4873,"date":"2024-06-10T14:27:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T12:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dlapiper.com\/advocatus\/?p=4873"},"modified":"2024-10-30T21:45:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T20:45:20","slug":"probatetel-elott-a-sunset-klauzulak-feltamadhatnak-e-az-union-beluli-bit-ek-a-halalbol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dlapiper.com\/advocatus\/2024\/06\/probatetel-elott-a-sunset-klauzulak-feltamadhatnak-e-az-union-beluli-bit-ek-a-halalbol\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00f3bat\u00e9tel el\u0151tt a Sunset Klauzul\u00e1k: Felt\u00e1madhatnak-e az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ek a hal\u00e1lb\u00f3l?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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A 2020. \u00e9v m\u00e1jusa jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st hozott a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00e1skod\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 23 tag\u00e1llama ugyanis 2020. m\u00e1jus 5-\u00e9n t\u00f6bboldal\u00fa (\u00fan. plurilater\u00e1lis) nemzetk\u00f6zi szerz\u0151d\u00e9st k\u00f6t\u00f6tt egym\u00e1ssal (a tov\u00e1bbiakban: \u201eMegsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s<\/strong>\u201d), amellyel megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k a k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck hat\u00e1lyban l\u00e9v\u0151 k\u00f6zel 130 k\u00e9toldal\u00fa beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi egyezm\u00e9nyt (a tov\u00e1bbiakban: \u201eUni\u00f3n-bel\u00fcli BIT<\/strong>\u201d).\u00a0[1]<\/a><\/p>

A Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s megk\u00f6t\u00e9s\u00e9t az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 B\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1ga m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldk\u0151nek sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3 2018. \u00e9vi\u00a0Achmea<\/em>-\u00edt\u00e9lete (C-284\/16) \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6zte, amely az uni\u00f3s jogba \u00fctk\u00f6z\u0151nek nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtotta az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ekben foglalt v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi kik\u00f6t\u00e9seket.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tForduljon hozz\u00e1nk bizalommal!\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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A Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s nemcsak az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok megind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t sz\u00fcntette meg, hanem hat\u00e1lyon k\u00edv\u00fcl helyezte az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ekben megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9si z\u00e1rad\u00e9kokat is (\u00fa.n. \u201esunset clause\u201d vagy \u201esurvival clause\u201d \u2013 a tov\u00e1bbiakban a tartalmi h\u0171s\u00e9g \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben \u201esunset<\/em> klauzulak\u00e9nt\u201d hivatkozzuk). A sunset<\/em> klauzula funkci\u00f3ja az lenne, hogy az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ek megsz\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00f6vet\u0151en is 5, 10 vagy ak\u00e1r 20 \u00e9vvel meghosszabb\u00edtsa a m\u00e1r megval\u00f3sult beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sok v\u00e9delm\u00e9t.<\/p>

Sokak szem\u00e9ben a 2020. augusztus 29-\u00e9n hat\u00e1lyba l\u00e9p\u0151 Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s \u2013 amelyet 2022. augusztus\u00e1ig valamennyi szerz\u0151d\u0151 \u00e1llam ratifik\u00e1lt[2]<\/a> \u2013 az utols\u00f3 sz\u00f6get jelentette az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ek kopors\u00f3j\u00e1ban. Mindeddig legal\u00e1bbis \u00edgy t\u0171nt.<\/p>

A k\u00f6zelm\u00faltban azonban napvil\u00e1got l\u00e1tott a h\u00edr, hogy az Eurohold bolg\u00e1r p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 csoport \u00e9s le\u00e1nyv\u00e1llalata, az Euroins Insurance Group (EIG) biztos\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g 2024. m\u00e1jus 21-\u00e9n keresetet ny\u00fajtott be Rom\u00e1nia ellen a Beruh\u00e1z\u00e1si Vit\u00e1k Rendez\u00e9s\u00e9nek Nemzetk\u00f6zi K\u00f6zpontj\u00e1hoz (ICSID).[3]<\/a> A felperesek \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag a Bulg\u00e1ria-Rom\u00e1nia BIT-ben foglalt sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1ra hivatkoznak, hogy a Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s ellen\u00e9re kiterjeszthess\u00e9k a m\u00e1r felmondott BIT hat\u00e1ly\u00e1t a jogvit\u00e1ra. A jogvita akkor keletkezett, amikor 2023. m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban a rom\u00e1n p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3 hat\u00f3s\u00e1g (ASF) visszavonta az EIG le\u00e1nyv\u00e1llalat\u00e1nak \u2013 az Euroins Rom\u00e1nia g\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171-biztos\u00edt\u00f3nak \u2013 a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si enged\u00e9ly\u00e9t az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lagos fizet\u00e9sk\u00e9ptelens\u00e9g\u00e9re tekintettel.[4]<\/a> Az ASF emellett felsz\u00e1mol\u00e1si elj\u00e1r\u00e1st ind\u00edtott a g\u00e9pj\u00e1rm\u0171-biztos\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e1rsas\u00e1ggal szemben a rom\u00e1n b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gok el\u0151tt. Sajt\u00f3\u00e9rtes\u00fcl\u00e9sek szerint az Eurohold \u00e9s az EIG m\u00e1r 2023. okt\u00f3ber\u00e9ben hivatalosan \u00e9rtes\u00edtett\u00e9k Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1t a k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 vit\u00e1s k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekr\u0151l,[5]<\/a> \u00e9s most egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en bev\u00e1ltott\u00e1k kor\u00e1bbi fenyeget\u00e9s\u00fcket, hogy a vit\u00e1t az ICSID el\u00e9 terjesztik.<\/p>

Az \u00fcgy k\u00e9ts\u00e9gtelen\u00fcl nagy \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9snek \u00f6rvend, hiszen a k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban az a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s \u00e1ll, hogy az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 tag\u00e1llamai \u00e1ltal \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lagosan hat\u00e1lyon k\u00edv\u00fcl helyezett sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k val\u00f3ban hat\u00e1lyukat vesztett\u00e9k-e vagy sem. M\u00e1r a Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s elfogad\u00e1sa el\u0151tt is vita t\u00e1rgy\u00e1t k\u00e9pezte, hogy az \u00e1llamok egy tollvon\u00e1ssal elt\u00f6r\u00f6lhetik-e a sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k hat\u00e1ly\u00e1t az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ek k\u00f6z\u00f6s megegyez\u00e9ssel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9vel.<\/p>

A sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k azonnali hat\u00e1ly\u00fa megsz\u00fcntethet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 elm\u00e9letek a nemzetk\u00f6zi szerz\u0151d\u00e9sek jog\u00e1nak egyik alapelv\u00e9ben gy\u00f6kereznek, amely szerint a szerz\u0151d\u0151 \u00e1llamok az \u201eurai\u201d saj\u00e1t szerz\u0151d\u00e9seiknek. Ez az elv A szerz\u0151d\u00e9sek jog\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 b\u00e9csi egyezm\u00e9ny 54. cikk\u00e9nek b) pontj\u00e1ban is megjelenik, amely kimondja, hogy a szerz\u0151d\u00e9s megsz\u0171n\u00e9se \u201eb\u00e1rmikor, valamennyi r\u00e9szes f\u00e9l egyet\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9vel, a t\u00f6bbi szerz\u0151d\u0151 \u00e1llammal t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt tan\u00e1cskoz\u00e1s ut\u00e1n<\/em>\u201d bek\u00f6vetkezhet.[6]<\/a> Ebb\u0151l k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy a szerz\u0151d\u0151 \u00e1llamok az \u00e1ltaluk k\u00f6t\u00f6tt szerz\u0151d\u00e9st szabadon m\u00f3dos\u00edthatj\u00e1k, felf\u00fcggeszthetik vagy ak\u00e1r azonnali hat\u00e1llyal r\u00e9szben vagy eg\u00e9szben megsz\u00fcntethetik (ide\u00e9rtve a szerz\u0151d\u00e9sben foglalt sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1t is), ha ebben meg\u00e1llapodnak. Egyes v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3i tan\u00e1csok d\u00f6nt\u00e9sei is arra engednek k\u00f6vetkeztetni, hogy a sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k ugyan\u00fagy viselkednek, mint a BIT-ek b\u00e1rmely m\u00e1s rendelkez\u00e9sei, \u00e9s ekk\u00e9nt a szerz\u0151d\u0151 felek \u00e1ltal \u00fajra t\u00e1rgyalhat\u00f3k, m\u00f3dos\u00edthat\u00f3k vagy megsz\u00fcntethet\u0151k.[7]<\/a><\/p>

M\u00e1sfel\u0151l, a sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k azonnali hat\u00e1ly\u00fa megsz\u00fcntethet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t ellenz\u0151 elm\u00e9letek akk\u00e9nt v\u00e9lekednek, hogy a sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k megsz\u00fcntethet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge \u00e9ppen a klauzul\u00e1k c\u00e9lj\u00e1t hi\u00fas\u00edtan\u00e1 meg, vagyis azt, hogy biztos\u00edts\u00e1k a stabilit\u00e1st \u00e9s a beruh\u00e1z\u00f3k v\u00e9delm\u00e9t a BIT azonnali hat\u00e1ly\u00fa megsz\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9vel szemben. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul, egyes elm\u00e9letek szerint a BIT-ek a beruh\u00e1z\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl is jogokat keletkeztetnek a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1suk megval\u00f3sul\u00e1s\u00e1nak pillanat\u00e1ban. Ebb\u0151l az elm\u00e9letb\u0151l k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy a beruh\u00e1z\u00f3kat m\u00e9g a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi egyezm\u00e9ny megk\u00f6t\u0151 szerz\u0151d\u0151 \u00e1llamok k\u00f6z\u00f6s megegyez\u00e9s\u00e9vel sem lehet visszahat\u00f3 hat\u00e1llyal megfosztani a BIT alapj\u00e1n \u201eszerzett jogaikt\u00f3l<\/em>\u201d. A \u201eszerzett jogok<\/em>\u201d elm\u00e9let\u00e9t egy a k\u00f6zelm\u00faltban hozott v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi d\u00f6nt\u00e9s is elismerte (az Adria Group kontra Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1g<\/em> \u00fcgyben).[8]<\/a><\/p>

Ha \u00e9s amennyiben v\u00e9g\u00fcl megalakul a v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi tan\u00e1cs az Eurohold \u00e9s EIG kontra Rom\u00e1nia<\/em> \u00fcgyben, a tan\u00e1csnak m\u00e9rlegelnie kell majd a fenti k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket, hogy meg\u00e1llap\u00edthassa, a Bulg\u00e1ria-Rom\u00e1nia BIT-ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 sunset<\/em> klauzula alapj\u00e1n rendelkezik-e joghat\u00f3s\u00e1ggal a jogvita elb\u00edr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s rendelkez\u00e9sei ellen\u00e9re.<\/p>

A tan\u00e1cs d\u00f6nt\u00e9s\u00e9ben term\u00e9szetesen nagy szerepet j\u00e1tszhat a Bulg\u00e1ria-Rom\u00e1nia BIT-ben foglalt sunset<\/em> klauzula \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se is. \u00c9rvelhet\u0151 ugyanis, hogy a Bulg\u00e1ria-Rom\u00e1nia BIT 12. cikke \u2013 amely a sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g\u00e9hez hasonl\u00f3an az egyik szerz\u0151d\u0151 f\u00e9l \u00e1ltal a m\u00e1siknak k\u00fcld\u00f6tt \u201efelmond\u00e1si nyilatkozat<\/em>\u201d sz\u00f3fordulattal \u00e9l[9]<\/a> \u2013 kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag egyoldal\u00fa felmond\u00e1s eset\u00e9n alkalmazhat\u00f3.\u00a0 E szerint az \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint a sunset<\/em> klauzula nem \u201eaktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dna<\/em>\u201d a BIT k\u00f6z\u00f6s megegyez\u00e9ssel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9se eset\u00e9n, \u00edgy teh\u00e1t a beruh\u00e1z\u00f3k sem r\u00e9szes\u00fcln\u00e9nek a Bulg\u00e1ria-Rom\u00e1nia BIT \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott (tov\u00e1bbi) v\u00e9delemben a BIT megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00f6vet\u0151en.<\/p>

Egyel\u0151re nem tudjuk, hogy az Eurohold \u00e9s az EIG kereseti k\u00e9relme \u00e1tjut-e az els\u0151 rost\u00e1n, \u00e9s az ICSID f\u0151titk\u00e1ra nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sba veszi-e azt, vagy sem.[10]<\/a> A f\u0151titk\u00e1r a kereset el\u0151zetes vizsg\u00e1lata k\u00f6r\u00e9ben k\u00f6teles a k\u00e9relem nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sba v\u00e9tel\u00e9re, \u201ekiv\u00e9ve, ha a k\u00e9relemben foglalt inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 alapj\u00e1n meg\u00e1llap\u00edtja, hogy a vita nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3an nem tartozik a K\u00f6zpont<\/em> [vagyis az ICSID] joghat\u00f3s\u00e1ga al\u00e1<\/em>\u201d.[11]<\/a><\/p>

Amennyiben az ICSID regisztr\u00e1lja a k\u00e9relmet, ez m\u00e1s beruh\u00e1z\u00f3kat is felb\u00e1tor\u00edthat arra, hogy szerencs\u00e9t pr\u00f3b\u00e1ljanak m\u00e1s Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ekben foglalt sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1kra hivatkoz\u00e1ssal. Mivel a Megsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s hat\u00e1lybal\u00e9p\u00e9se \u00f3ta meglehet\u0151sen korl\u00e1tozottak az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli beruh\u00e1z\u00f3k egy\u00e9b ig\u00e9ny\u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edt\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei, a v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi \u00fat esetleges el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek puszta lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge is rem\u00e9nysugarat jelenthet egyesek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Mindenesetre, a sunset<\/em> klauzul\u00e1k legfeljebb 5, 10 vagy 20 \u00e9vvel od\u00e1zhatj\u00e1k el az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-eken alapul\u00f3 v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok kor\u00e1nak v\u00e9g\u00e9t, az adott sunset<\/em> klauzula sz\u00f6veg\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en. K\u00f6vetkez\u00e9sk\u00e9ppen, mik\u00f6zben az Eurohold \u00e9s az EIG k\u00e9relm\u00e9nek sors\u00e1t minden bizonnyal nagy figyelem \u00f6vezi majd, a beruh\u00e1z\u00f3k r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l tov\u00e1bbra is egyre nagyobb ig\u00e9ny mutatkozik egy \u00faj, eur\u00f3pai szint\u0171 beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi vitarendez\u00e9si rendszer fel\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amely \u00e1lland\u00f3, semleges f\u00f3rumot biztos\u00edtana Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli k\u00e9relmeik elb\u00edr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz<\/p>

<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Szerz\u0151k: K\u0151hegyi D\u00e1vid, Nemescs\u00f3i Andr\u00e1s, Deli Zs\u00f3fia<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u0151hegyi D\u00e1vid\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPartner,

Compliance \u00e9s Bels\u0151 Vizsg\u00e1lati Csoportvezet\u0151\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u0151hegyi D\u00e1vid\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00e1vid a DLA Piper Hungary Compliance and Investigations praxis\u00e1nak vezet\u0151je. Jelent\u0151s nemzetk\u00f6zi szakmai tapasztalattal rendelkezik v\u00e1llalati bels\u0151 vizsg\u00e1latok lebonyol\u00edt\u00e1sa, nemzetk\u00f6zi peres- \u00e9s v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok, valamint p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok k\u00f6r\u00e9ben. A Budapesti \u00dcgyv\u00e9di Kamara, valamint New York \u00c1llam \u00dcgyv\u00e9di Kamar\u00e1j\u00e1nak tagja. \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE-mailt k\u00fcld\u00f6k\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNemescs\u00f3i Andr\u00e1s\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPartner,

Jogvitarendez\u00e9si \u00e9s Szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si Csoportvezet\u0151\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Nemescs\u00f3i Andr\u00e1s\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAndr\u00e1s a DLA Piper Hungary jogvitarendez\u00e9si \u00e9s szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si csoportj\u00e1nak vezet\u0151je. Kiemelked\u0151 szaktud\u00e1ssal rendelkezik mind a regulatory, mind a k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1si jogban, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 magas preszt\u00edzzsel rendelkez\u0151 peres \u00fcgyekben. Szakter\u00fcletei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak a p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi \u00e9s t\u00e1rsas\u00e1gi jogi peres \u00fcgyek, p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi-igazgat\u00e1si \u00fcgyek, valamint az eur\u00f3pai uni\u00f3s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sok. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE-mailt k\u00fcld\u00f6k\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeli Zs\u00f3fia, LL. M.*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00dcgyv\u00e9d,

Senior Associate\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeli Zs\u00f3fia, LL. M.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZs\u00f3fia a DLA Piper Hungary jogvitarendez\u00e9si \u00e9s szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si csoportj\u00e1nak szenior \u00fcgyv\u00e9dje. Els\u0151sorban nemzetk\u00f6zi beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi jogvit\u00e1kra specializ\u00e1l\u00f3dott, sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 tapasztalattal rendelkezik nemzetk\u00f6zi kereskedelmi v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokban, compliance \u00e9s bels\u0151 vizsg\u00e1latok ter\u00fclet\u00e9n, valamint emberi jogokkal foglalkoz\u00f3 elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokban az Emberi Jogok Eur\u00f3pai B\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1ga el\u0151tt.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE-mailt k\u00fcld\u00f6k\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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K\u00e9rd\u00e9se van? Keressen minket bizalommal!<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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K\u00f6vesse LinkedIn oldalunkat!<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDLA Piper Hungary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Legfrissebb tartalmaink<\/strong><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"Hazai<\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t
Ingatlan | Real Estate<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tProtected: Flexibility and Repositioning: Where Is the Hungarian Real Estate Market Heading in 2026?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
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There is no excerpt because this is a protected post.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tTov\u00e1bb \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDLA Piper\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2026-04-30\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t5% for Defence, 1.5% for Infrastructure: Hungary’s opportunities in light of NATO’s new goals\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
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In accordance with the new government\u2019s program, Hungary is committed to fulfilling NATO\u2019s 5% spending requirement by 2035. <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tTov\u00e1bb \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDLA Piper\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2026-04-24\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t5% v\u00e9delemre, 1,5% infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1ra \u2013 Magyarorsz\u00e1g lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei a NATO \u00faj c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9sei t\u00fckr\u00e9ben\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
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Az \u00faj korm\u00e1ny programj\u00e1val \u00f6sszhangban Magyarorsz\u00e1g elk\u00f6telezte mag\u00e1t amellett, hogy 2035-ig teljes\u00edti a NATO \u00e1ltal el\u0151\u00edrt, a GDP 5%-\u00e1t el\u00e9r\u0151 v\u00e9delmi kiad\u00e1si k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyt.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tTov\u00e1bb \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDLA Piper\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2026-04-24\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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[1] Az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 Tag\u00e1llamai K\u00f6z\u00f6tti K\u00e9toldal\u00fa Beruh\u00e1z\u00e1si Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sok Megsz\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l Sz\u00f3l\u00f3 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s, 2020. m\u00e1jus 29., L 169\/1, https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/HU\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:22020A0529(01)<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.).<\/p>

[2] Eur\u00f3pai Tan\u00e1cs: Az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 Tag\u00e1llamai K\u00f6z\u00f6tti K\u00e9toldal\u00fa Beruh\u00e1z\u00e1si Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sok Megsz\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l Sz\u00f3l\u00f3 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s, https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/documents-publications\/treaties-agreements\/agreement\/?id=2019049&DocLanguage=en<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.).<\/p>

[3] Global Arbitration Review, \u2019Bulgarian Insurer Relies on Sunset Clause for Intra-EU Claim\u2019, 22 May 2024, at: Bulgarian insurer relies on sunset clause for intra-EU claim – Global Arbitration Review<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.).<\/p>

[4] Global Arbitration Review, \u2019Bulgarian Insurance Investor Threatens Claim Against Romania\u2019, 26 October 2023, at: Bulgarian insurance investor threatens claim against Romania – Global Arbitration Review<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.).<\/p>

[5] Global Arbitration Review, \u2019Bulgarian Insurance Investor Threatens Claim Against Romania\u2019, 26 October 2023, at: Bulgarian insurance investor threatens claim against Romania – Global Arbitration Review<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.).<\/p>

[6] A szerz\u0151d\u00e9sek jog\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 b\u00e9csi egyezm\u00e9ny, 1969. m\u00e1jus. 23., 1155 UNTS 331, 54. cikk, b) pont. L\u00e1sd, 1987. \u00e9vi 12. t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyerej\u0171 rendelet a szerz\u0151d\u00e9sek jog\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3, B\u00e9csben az 1969. \u00e9vi m\u00e1jus h\u00f3 23. napj\u00e1n kelt szerz\u0151d\u00e9s kihirdet\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l, https:\/\/net.jogtar.hu\/jogszabaly?docid=98700012.tvr<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.).<\/p>

[7] L\u00e1sd, UP (formerly Le Ch\u00e8que D\u00e9jeuner) and C.D Holding Internationale v. Hungary<\/em>, ICSID Case No. ARB\/13\/35, Award, 9 October 2018, https:\/\/www.italaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/case-documents\/italaw10075.pdf<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.), \u00a7 265: \u201eneither Hungary nor France has made any attempt to renegotiate, modify, or shorten the relevant \u201csurvival\u201d period<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>

[8] L\u00e1sd, Adria Group B.V. and Adria Group Holding B.V. v. Republic of Croatia<\/em>, ICSID Case No. ARB\/20\/6, Decision on Intra-EU Jurisdictional Objection, 31 October 2023, https:\/\/www.italaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/case-documents\/180411.pdf<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.), \u00a7 240: \u201eThe BIT was, therefore, far more than just an exchange of rights and obligations at the inter-State level. It conferred rights directly upon those who qualified as investors of one of the BIT States with investments in the territory of the other. The Tribunal does not agree with the notion that investors were merely the recipients of benefits, control of which remained with the BIT States. That approach belongs to an earlier era of international law in which States were considered to be the only \u201csubjects\u201d of international law.<\/em> [\u2026]\u201d.<\/p>

[9] Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s a Bolg\u00e1r K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g korm\u00e1nya \u00e9s Rom\u00e1nia korm\u00e1nya k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sok k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s el\u0151mozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s v\u00e9delm\u00e9r\u0151l, 1994. j\u00fanius 1, https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/545\/download<\/a> (utols\u00f3 megtekint\u00e9s: 2023. m\u00e1jus 23.), 12(2)-(3) cikk: \u201c2. <\/em>The present Agreement shall be in force for a period of fifteen years. Its validity shall be extended automatically for every following period of five years unless either Contracting Party notifies in writing at least 6 months prior to its expiry the other Contracting Party of its decision to terminate the Agreement. <\/em><\/p>

3.\u00a0<\/em>With respect to investments made prior to the date when the notice of denunciation of this Agreement is received by the other Contracting Party, the provisions of Articles 1 to 11 shall remain in force for a further period of fifteen years from that date.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>

[11] ICSID Int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyi Szab\u00e1lyzat (2022), 6. szab\u00e1ly.<\/p>

[12] ICSID Egyezm\u00e9ny, 36(3) cikk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A 2020. \u00e9v m\u00e1jusa jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st hozott a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00e1skod\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 23 tag\u00e1llama ugyanis 2020. m\u00e1jus 5-\u00e9n t\u00f6bboldal\u00fa (\u00fan. plurilater\u00e1lis) nemzetk\u00f6zi szerz\u0151d\u00e9st k\u00f6t\u00f6tt egym\u00e1ssal (a tov\u00e1bbiakban: \u201eMegsz\u00fcntet\u0151 Meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s\u201d), amellyel megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k a k\u00f6z\u00f6tt\u00fck hat\u00e1lyban l\u00e9v\u0151 k\u00f6zel 130 k\u00e9toldal\u00fa beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi egyezm\u00e9nyt (a tov\u00e1bbiakban: \u201eUni\u00f3n-bel\u00fcli BIT\u201d).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":349,"featured_media":4875,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1429],"tags":[1432,1444,1436,1441,1439,1443],"coauthors":[758],"class_list":["post-4873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arbitration","tag-achmea","tag-beruhazasvedelmi-valasztottbiraskodas","tag-icsid","tag-megszunteto-megallapodas","tag-sunset-klauzula","tag-union-beluli-bit"],"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00f3bat\u00e9tel el\u0151tt a Sunset Klauzul\u00e1k: Felt\u00e1madhatnak-e az Uni\u00f3n bel\u00fcli BIT-ek a hal\u00e1lb\u00f3l?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A 2020. \u00e9v m\u00e1jusa jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st hozott a beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi v\u00e1lasztottb\u00edr\u00e1skod\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. 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