{"id":2360,"date":"2020-01-07T09:00:29","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T08:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.dlapiper.com\/advocatus\/?p=2360"},"modified":"2022-03-11T16:20:39","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T15:20:39","slug":"miert-erdemes-akkreditivet-alkalmazni-a-kereskedelmi-ugyletek-soran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.dlapiper.com\/advocatus\/2020\/01\/miert-erdemes-akkreditivet-alkalmazni-a-kereskedelmi-ugyletek-soran\/","title":{"rendered":"Mi\u00e9rt \u00e9rdemes akkredit\u00edvet alkalmazni a kereskedelmi \u00fcgyletek sor\u00e1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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  • A kereskedelmi \u00fcgyletek eset\u00e9ben az \u00e1ruk gyakran jelent\u0151s f\u00f6ldrajzi t\u00e1vols\u00e1got tesznek meg, ennek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben t\u00e9rben \u00e9s id\u0151ben elv\u00e1lik egym\u00e1st\u00f3l az \u00e1ru \u00e1tv\u00e9tele, illetve a v\u00e9tel\u00e1r megfizet\u00e9se. A kock\u00e1zat minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra az akkredit\u00edv biztons\u00e1gos megold\u00e1st ny\u00fajt mind az elad\u00f3, mind a vev\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9re.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Az akkredit\u00edv olyan, bank \u00e1ltal kibocs\u00e1tott okm\u00e1ny, melyben a bank a vev\u0151t\u0151l kapott megb\u00edz\u00e1s alapj\u00e1n saj\u00e1t nev\u00e9ben arra v\u00e1llal k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9get, hogy fizet az elad\u00f3nak, amennyiben az elad\u00f3 az akkredit\u00edvben meghat\u00e1rozott dokumentumokat a banknak hat\u00e1rid\u0151ben beny\u00fajtja, illetve az akkredit\u00edvben el\u0151\u00edrt egy\u00e9b felt\u00e9teleket teljes\u00edti.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Az akkredit\u00edv k\u00e9pes k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s biztos\u00edt\u00e9kokkal minim\u00e1lisra cs\u00f6kkenteni az orsz\u00e1ghat\u00e1ron \u00e1tny\u00fal\u00f3 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sb\u00f3l, politikai \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gekb\u0151l, gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9rdekekb\u0151l, de ak\u00e1r a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 nyelvb\u0151l \u00e9s valut\u00e1b\u00f3l ered\u0151 fizet\u00e9si kock\u00e1zatokat is – az okm\u00e1nyos meghitelez\u00e9sr\u0151l b\u0151vebben a DLA Piper Hungary szak\u00e9rt\u0151i \u00e9rtekeznek.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    A kereskedelmi \u00fcgyletek eset\u00e9ben rendk\u00edv\u00fcl fontos, hogy megfelel\u0151 fizet\u00e9si m\u00f3dot v\u00e1lasszunk, hiszen az \u00e1ruk – k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a hat\u00e1ron \u00e1tny\u00fal\u00f3 \u00fcgyletek eset\u00e9n – gyakran jelent\u0151s f\u00f6ldrajzi t\u00e1vols\u00e1got tesznek meg. Ennek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben t\u00e9rben \u00e9s id\u0151ben elv\u00e1lik egym\u00e1st\u00f3l az \u00e1ru \u00e1tv\u00e9tele, illetve a v\u00e9tel\u00e1r megfizet\u00e9se, amely mind elad\u00f3k\u00e9nt, mind vev\u0151k\u00e9nt kock\u00e1zatos lehet. Ez\u00e9rt c\u00e9lszer\u0171 olyan fizet\u00e9si m\u00f3dot v\u00e1lasztanunk, amely ezt a kock\u00e1zatot minim\u00e1lisra cs\u00f6kkenti. Ennek egyik lehets\u00e9ges eszk\u00f6ze az akkredit\u00edv (m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven okm\u00e1nyos meghitelez\u00e9s).<\/p>\n

    \n

    Az akkredit\u00edv olyan, bank \u00e1ltal kibocs\u00e1tott okm\u00e1ny, melyben a bank a vev\u0151t\u0151l kapott megb\u00edz\u00e1s alapj\u00e1n saj\u00e1t nev\u00e9ben arra v\u00e1llal k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9get, hogy fizet az elad\u00f3nak, amennyiben az elad\u00f3 az akkredit\u00edvben meghat\u00e1rozott dokumentumokat a banknak hat\u00e1rid\u0151ben beny\u00fajtja, illetve az akkredit\u00edvben el\u0151\u00edrt egy\u00e9b felt\u00e9teleket teljes\u00edti.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Akkredit\u00edv alkalmaz\u00e1sa eset\u00e9n elad\u00f3k\u00e9nt biztos\u00edtva van, hogy a v\u00e9tel\u00e1rat akkor is megkapjuk, ha a vev\u0151 nem k\u00e9sz vagy nem k\u00e9pes fizetni, vev\u0151k\u00e9nt pedig az\u00e9rt lehet el\u0151ny\u00f6s, mert nem ker\u00fclhet\u00fcnk birtokon k\u00edv\u00fcl, hiszen a bank a v\u00e9tel\u00e1rat csak akkor fizeti ki az elad\u00f3nak, ha az elad\u00f3 az akkredit\u00edvben megadott felt\u00e9teleknek eleget tett.<\/p>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edvvel l\u00e9trej\u00f6v\u0151 jogviszonyok<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edv alkalmaz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n h\u00e1rom szorosan \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151, de egym\u00e1st\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen jogviszony \u00e1ll fenn. Az alapjogviszony a vev\u0151 \u00e9s az elad\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre, amelynek a jogc\u00edme a legt\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r ad\u00e1sv\u00e9tel. Az alapjogviszony k\u00f6r\u00e9ben a vev\u0151 egyebek mellett arra v\u00e1llal k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9get, hogy az elad\u00f3 jav\u00e1ra akkredit\u00edvet nyittat a megfelel\u0151 bankban. A vev\u0151 \u00e9s az akkredit\u00edvet nyit\u00f3 bank k\u00f6z\u00f6tt megb\u00edz\u00e1si jogviszony j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre, amely alapj\u00e1n a bank az akkredit\u00edv megnyit\u00e1s\u00e1ra, valamint arra v\u00e1llal k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9get, hogy amennyiben az akkredit\u00edvben meghat\u00e1rozott dokumentumok r\u00e9sz\u00e9re bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclnek, illetve az ott meghat\u00e1rozott egy\u00e9b felt\u00e9telek teljes\u00fclnek, fizet\u00e9st teljes\u00edt az elad\u00f3 r\u00e9sz\u00e9re.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Az akkredit\u00edv kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1val az akkredit\u00edvet nyit\u00f3 bank \u00e9s az elad\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt absztrakt jogviszony j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre, ami azt jelenti, hogy f\u00fcggetlen az alapj\u00e1ul szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 jogviszonyt\u00f3l. E jogviszony alapj\u00e1n a bank fizet\u00e9st k\u00f6teles teljes\u00edteni az elad\u00f3nak az akkredit\u00edvben meghat\u00e1rozott felt\u00e9telek teljes\u00fcl\u00e9se eset\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Mivel az akkredit\u00edv f\u00fcggetlen az alap\u00fcgylett\u0151l, a bank fizet\u00e9si k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9ge csak a bank \u00e9s az elad\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti jogviszony felt\u00e9teleit\u0151l f\u00fcgg, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 az alapjogviszony esetleges \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelens\u00e9ge sincs r\u00e1 hat\u00e1ssal. El\u0151fordulhat, hogy az eml\u00edtetteken k\u00edv\u00fcl tov\u00e1bbi szerz\u0151d\u00e9ses jogviszony is l\u00e9trej\u00f6n. Erre akkor ker\u00fcl sor, ha az akkredit\u00edvvel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 fizet\u00e9si mechanizmusban a nyit\u00f3 bankon k\u00edv\u00fcl tov\u00e1bbi bank is k\u00f6zrem\u0171k\u00f6dik, mint az \u00e9rtes\u00edt\u0151 bank, a meger\u0151s\u00edt\u0151 bank vagy a teljes\u00edt\u0151 bank.<\/p>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edv jogi szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edvre vonatkoz\u00f3 szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s szok\u00e1sjogi eredet\u0171, a bankgyakorlat alak\u00edtotta ki. A Nemzetk\u00f6zi Kereskedelmi Kamara (ICC) Az okm\u00e1nyos meghitelez\u00e9sre vonatkoz\u00f3 egys\u00e9ges szab\u00e1lyok \u00e9s szokv\u00e1nyok (angolul: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP)) nev\u0171 szokv\u00e1nyt id\u0151r\u0151l id\u0151re k\u00f6zz\u00e9teszi. A jelenleg hat\u00e1lyos szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1st a UCP 600 tartalmazza. Ez a szab\u00e1lyzat nem min\u0151s\u00fcl jogszab\u00e1lynak, alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1ra az\u00e1ltal ker\u00fclhet sor, hogy az egyes orsz\u00e1gok bankjai al\u00e1vetik magukat a szab\u00e1lyzatnak. A UCP ma m\u00e1r szinte \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan elismer\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt, akkredit\u00edv eset\u00e9n a magyar bankok is az alapj\u00e1n j\u00e1rnak el.<\/p>\n

    Mi a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g az akkredit\u00edv \u00e9s a bankgarancia k\u00f6z\u00f6tt?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edv elhat\u00e1rol\u00e1sa meglehet\u0151sen neh\u00e9zkes a v\u00e9tel\u00e1r megfizet\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt v\u00e1llalt teljes\u00edt\u00e9si bankgaranci\u00e1t\u00f3l. Mindk\u00e9t jogint\u00e9zm\u00e9ny a bank \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 fizet\u00e9si \u00edg\u00e9rete meghat\u00e1rozott felt\u00e9telek teljes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek vagy bek\u00f6vetkez\u00e9s\u00e9nek eset\u00e9re, illetve absztrakt jelleg\u00fckb\u0151l fakad\u00f3an egyik eset\u00e9ben sem lehet hivatkozni az alapjogviszonyra.<\/p>\n

    \n

    A k\u00e9t jogint\u00e9zm\u00e9ny k\u00f6z\u00f6tti legf\u0151bb k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g dogmatikailag, hogy m\u00edg az akkredit\u00edv fizet\u00e9si m\u00f3d, addig a bankgarancia egy, a teljes\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9get fokoz\u00f3 biztos\u00edt\u00e9k.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edv ugyanis az \u00fcgylet norm\u00e1lis lebonyol\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dja k\u00f6r\u00e9ben \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fcl, m\u00edg bankgarancia eset\u00e9ben a leh\u00edv\u00e1sra csak a k\u00f6telezett nemteljes\u00edt\u00e9se eset\u00e9n ker\u00fclhet sor. Abb\u00f3l, hogy az akkredit\u00edv fizet\u00e9si m\u00f3d, a bankgarancia pedig biztos\u00edt\u00e9k, az is k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy akkredit\u00edv eset\u00e9n az elad\u00f3 addig nem k\u00e9rhet akkredit\u00edven k\u00edv\u00fcli fizet\u00e9st, m\u00edg az akkredit\u00edvet ig\u00e9nybe veheti, a bankgarancia azonban csak a f\u0151ad\u00f3s szerz\u0151d\u00e9sszeg\u00e9se eset\u00e9n ny\u00edlik meg.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6sszefoglal\u00e1s<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    B\u00e1r az akkredit\u00edvvel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 fizet\u00e9s sem mentes teljesen a kock\u00e1zatokt\u00f3l,<\/p>\n

    \n

    elmondhat\u00f3, hogy az egyik legnagyobb biztons\u00e1got ny\u00fajt\u00f3 fizet\u00e9si m\u00f3d a nemzetk\u00f6zi kereskedelemben, mind az elad\u00f3, mind a vev\u0151 szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l, mivel k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s biztos\u00edt\u00e9kok ad\u00e1s\u00e1val minim\u00e1lisra cs\u00f6kkenti az orsz\u00e1ghat\u00e1ron \u00e1tny\u00fal\u00f3 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sb\u00f3l, politikai \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gekb\u0151l, gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9rdekekb\u0151l vagy a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 nyelvb\u0151l \u00e9s valut\u00e1b\u00f3l ered\u0151 fizet\u00e9si kock\u00e1zatokat.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Az akkredit\u00edvet \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban kereskedelmi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get folytat\u00f3 v\u00e1llalatok alkalmazz\u00e1k abban az esetben, ha a partner\u00fckr\u0151l nem rendelkeznek kell\u0151 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3val, ha nagy \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 \u00e1ru sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, valamint, ha \u00fctemezni szeretn\u00e9k az ellen\u00e9rt\u00e9k befoly\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

    Szerz\u0151k: Bir\u00f3 Levente \u00e9s Sow \u00c1brah\u00e1m             <\/i><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A kereskedelmi \u00fcgyletek eset\u00e9ben az \u00e1ruk gyakran jelent\u0151s f\u00f6ldrajzi t\u00e1vols\u00e1got tesznek meg, ennek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben t\u00e9rben \u00e9s id\u0151ben elv\u00e1lik egym\u00e1st\u00f3l az \u00e1ru \u00e1tv\u00e9tele, illetve a v\u00e9tel\u00e1r megfizet\u00e9se. A kock\u00e1zat minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra az akkredit\u00edv biztons\u00e1gos megold\u00e1st ny\u00fajt mind az elad\u00f3, mind a vev\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9re.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,390],"tags":[566,284,861,532,567,568,32],"coauthors":[705,760,819],"class_list":["post-2360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-finance","category-penzugyi-szolgaltatasok","tag-akkreditiv","tag-bankgarancia","tag-jogviszony","tag-kereskedelem","tag-kereskedelmi-ugyletek","tag-okmanyos-hitelezes","tag-szabalyozas"],"yoast_head":"\nMi\u00e9rt \u00e9rdemes akkredit\u00edvet alkalmazni a kereskedelmi \u00fcgyletek sor\u00e1n?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Akkredit\u00edv\u00e1k a kereskedelmi \u00fcgyletek sor\u00e1n: megold\u00e1s az \u00e1ru \u00e1tv\u00e9tele \u00e9s a v\u00e9tel\u00e1r megfizet\u00e9se k\u00f6z\u00f6tti t\u00e1vols\u00e1g \u00e1thidal\u00e1s\u00e1ra.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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